Tracing errors on a rotor with prepared errors,

with wrong electronic and mechanical setting, and misadjusted machine

Use of vector indication to interpret behaviors and find conclusions

Setting on measuring unit to support finding errors.

Tracing errors on a rotor with prepared errors,

with wrong electronic and mechanical setting, and misadjusted machine

Use of vector indication to interpret behaviors and find conclusions

Setting on measuring unit to support finding errors.

Rotor assemblies, additional change of unbalance by mounting errors

Distribution of balancing tolerances to tolerance planes and to single rotor parts. Alternatives to G-grades.

Experience effect of changing mounting angle.

Decide how to distribute unbalance correction with discussion of solutions

Calculation and prove of deviations vs. Tolerance.

Specific balancing procedures:

• Key compensation
• Indexing balancing – principle,
  examples of auxiliary parts like adaptors, balancing
  shafts …

Specific setting of measuring unit with demonstration, explanation and discussion of examples.

Mounting a rotor part to an auxiliary balancing shaft
Preparation of measuring unit
Carry out the indexing procedure
Doing the graphical solution step by step with recognition of plausibility and allocation of various influences followed by correction of unbalance on the rotor part, check the quality.
Comparison of graphical results with indication on after guided dialog in the measuring unit.

Tracing errors on a rotor with prepared errors,

with wrong electronic and mechanical setting, and misadjusted machine

Use of vector indication to interpret behaviors and find conclusions

Setting on measuring unit to support finding errors.

Tracing errors on a rotor with prepared errors,

with wrong electronic and mechanical setting, and misadjusted machine

Use of vector indication to interpret behaviors and find conclusions

Setting on measuring unit to support finding errors.

Rotor assemblies, additional change of unbalance by mounting errors

Distribution of balancing tolerances to tolerance planes and to single rotor parts. Alternatives to G-grades.

Experience effect of changing mounting angle.

Decide how to distribute unbalance correction with discussion of solutions

Calculation and prove of deviations vs. Tolerance.

Specific balancing procedures:

• Key compensation
• Indexing balancing – principle,
  examples of auxiliary parts like adaptors, balancing
  shafts …

Specific setting of measuring unit with demonstration, explanation and discussion of examples.

Mounting a rotor part to an auxiliary balancing shaft
Preparation of measuring unit
Carry out the indexing procedure
Doing the graphical solution step by step with recognition of plausibility and allocation of various influences followed by correction of unbalance on the rotor part, check the quality.
Comparison of graphical results with indication on after guided dialog in the measuring unit.

Unbalance distribution and its separation into static unbalance, couple unbalance and modal unbalance

Rotor state (constant, variable)

Bending modes, influence of bearings

Mode shapes and natural frequencies

Experience on a non-rotational rotor: development oft the mode shape, natural frequency, change of bearing stiffness with adjustable test rig.

See the difference of a steep speed increase vs. a creeping low acceleration.

Do your own evaluation, identify mode shapes and discuss it with your trainer.

Structure and characteristics of rotors:

Classification of suitable procedures with examples from turbines, generators, compressors, jet engine rotors, pumps, turbochargers, paper rolls, decanters, electric motors…

Low-speed balancing procedures

Balancing a multistage rotor assembly using low-speed procedures.

Check your success using our training arrangement allowing this high speed runs.

High-speed balancing procedures

Unbalance correction of the various kind of unbalances, orthogonal unbalance set, influence coefficients.

Non isotropic phenomena

Various tolerance criteria

Manuel high-speed balancing of a shaft-flexible rotor. Use graphical determination of influence coefficients using a weight set then balance the rotor.

Computer-aided high-speed balancing of a shaft-flexible rotor with calculated weight sets from the measuring equipment.

Each time including the setting of the measuring equipment using display of ramp-up, measuring and evaluation.

Unbalance distribution and its separation into static unbalance, couple unbalance and modal unbalance

Rotor state (constant, variable)

Bending modes, influence of bearings

Mode shapes and natural frequencies

Experience on a non-rotational rotor: development oft the mode shape, natural frequency, change of bearing stiffness with adjustable test rig.

See the difference of a steep speed increase vs. a creeping low acceleration.

Do your own evaluation, identify mode shapes and discuss it with your trainer.

Structure and characteristics of rotors:

Classification of suitable procedures with examples from turbines, generators, compressors, jet engine rotors, pumps, turbochargers, paper rolls, decanters, electric motors…

Low-speed balancing procedures

Balancing a multistage rotor assembly using low-speed procedures.

Check your success using our training arrangement allowing this high speed runs.

High-speed balancing procedures

Unbalance correction of the various kind of unbalances, orthogonal unbalance set, influence coefficients.

Non isotropic phenomena

Various tolerance criteria

Manuel high-speed balancing of a shaft-flexible rotor. Use graphical determination of influence coefficients using a weight set then balance the rotor.

Computer-aided high-speed balancing of a shaft-flexible rotor with calculated weight sets from the measuring equipment.

Each time including the setting of the measuring equipment using display of ramp-up, measuring and evaluation.

Fundamentals:

• Vibration and unbalance
• Eccentricity as a kind of general scale
• Centrifugal force and bearings…
• Types of unbalances and consequence on the process

Discussion using frequency identification chart Consideration of machining and fitting tolerances

Typical effects on bearing parts and rotor

Correction in one, two or multiple planes

Consideration of rotor characteristics:

• Rotors with its own axis
• Rotors without own axis
• Rigid rotor behavior
• Various flexible rotor behaviors
• Rotor assemblies and partial exchangeability

Degree of assembly, bearing influences

Balancing shafts, adaptors, indexing process

Consequences for the process

Discussion of different procedures and consequences

Option and consequences to balance single parts, subassemblies or/and completely assembled rotors

Balancing in production

• Options for correction, in principle and typically practiced
• Cycle time, one of a kind rotor, serial production

Discussion of different possibilities,

Consequences for degree of automation

Determination of balancing tolerance

• Various approaches
• Consideration of rotor being built into the stator housing
• Estimation of unbalance for a completed assembly

Quality grades (G-grade) for rigid rotors, criteria with flexible rotors

Discussion: balancing as completed assembly in its (stator) housing on a balancing machine, balancing in situ

Deduction of influences from deviations (errors)

Statistics and balancing

• Fundamentals
• Characteristics of unbalance in view of statistics
• Capability studies

Drafting a simple exemplary balancing concept and a production step

Selection of optional topics:

• Estimating initial unbalance
• Simulation of rotor characteristics and behaviors

Balancing machine as measuring device

Balancing tooling as measuring tool

Certification and metrological traceability of measuring standards

Unsymmetrical distribution limited by zero on one side, bivariate statistics, suitability of evaluation procedures, examples

Aspects, calculation of influences, discussion about its meaning

Short impressions:

Prediction methods (verified)

Simulation methods and verification

Fundamentals:
Reasons for balancing , definition of unbalance, vibration, frequency, meaning of adding parts of rotors and eccentricities, types of unbalances, centrifugal force

Experience on training equipment:

Attaching vibration sensors

Set-up of reference sensor (key phaser)

Setting on the SmartBalancer unit

Tolerances

Unbalance

Overall vibration

Measuring the overall vibration

Comparison with tolerances acc. to ISO Standard

Equipment / Options of the SmartBalancers:

Frequency analysis

Ramp-up and ramp-down curves  

Reference to DIN ISO 10816

Data transfer

Sensors, measuring points and attachment

Frequency analysis and assessment of the first order for possible balancing, use of frequency identification chart.

Finding suitable measuring speeds using ramp-up / ramp-down curve

Determination of the balancing speed.

Balancing in situ:

• in 1 plain
• in 2 plains
• Special conditions

Frequency selective measurement

Rotor-specific unbalance calibration

Measuring
Correction of indicated unbalance
Check-measurement of unbalance

Check-measurement of overall vibration

Discussion of process and results and possible further course of action

Fundamentals:
Reasons for balancing , definition of unbalance, vibration, frequency, meaning of adding parts of rotors and eccentricities, types of unbalances, centrifugal force

Experience on training equipment:

Attaching vibration sensors

Set-up of reference sensor (key phaser)

Setting on the SmartBalancer unit

Tolerances

Unbalance

Overall vibration

Measuring the overall vibration

Comparison with tolerances acc. to ISO Standard

Equipment / Options of the SmartBalancers:

Frequency analysis

Ramp-up and ramp-down curves  

Reference to DIN ISO 10816

Data transfer

Sensors, measuring points and attachment

Frequency analysis and assessment of the first order for possible balancing, use of frequency identification chart.

Finding suitable measuring speeds using ramp-up / ramp-down curve

Determination of the balancing speed.

Balancing in situ:

• in 1 plain
• in 2 plains
• Special conditions

Frequency selective measurement

Rotor-specific unbalance calibration

Measuring
Correction of indicated unbalance
Check-measurement of unbalance

Check-measurement of overall vibration

Discussion of process and results and possible further course of action